PCOS is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, which is characterised by hormonal imbalance, irregular menses, irregular blood flow during menses, and the presence of multiple cysts in the ovaries. PCOS can lead to problems such as infertility, acne, hirsutism, which is excessive growth of hair on the face and weight gain. The exact cause of PCOD is not known, but some factors, such as genetic factors, mental or physical stress, and an unhealthy lifestyle, are connected to PCOS.
Types of PCOS
Insulin resistance in PCOS
In this condition, the body has an adequate level of insulin, but it cannot utilise the insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Due to this, the body produces more insulin to compensate, which further stimulates the excess androgens; hence, it can lead to weight gain and cause menstrual irregularity.
Inflammatory PCOS
Chronic inflammation in the body can disrupt hormone production, which may be linked to skin conditions, fatigue, and digestive issues.
Adrenal PCOS
In this type, the adrenal glands produce excess androgen in response to stress, even if insulin levels are normal.
Post-pill PCOS
Birth control pills cause PCOS symptoms after stopping the birth control pills.
Causes and Risk Factors of PCOS
- Family history and Genetic predisposition.
- Insulin resistance- High insulin levels can cause an excess of androgen, which causes PCOS
- Hormonal Imbalance
- Obesity: Excessive body fat causes insulin resistance and Hormonal imbalance.
- Sedentary work routine
- Stress and Poor sleep: Poor sleep and stress can interfere with hormone regulation and worsen the symptoms of PCOS.
Symptoms of PCOS
- Irregular periods.
- Irregular blood flow during periods, either too little or excessive blood flow.
- Acne and oily skin
- Thinning of hair, Weight to gain
- Hirsutism: Presence of hair on the face.
- Darkening of the skin in the neck and underarms
- Multiple small cysts in the ovaries.
Diagnosis of PCOS
- Detailed medical history and Examination
- Sonography
- Blood test: Complete blood tests, Hormonal profile to check hormone levels, Luteinizing Hormone, Follicular Stimulating Hormone, testosterone, and Insulin.
- Glucose tolerance test.
- Lipid profile to assess the cholesterol levels
Treatment of PCOS
- Oral medications
- Hormonal therapy
- In rare cases, surgical treatment may be recommended.
Diet and Lifestyle for PCOS
- Eat foods with a low glycemic index.
- Limit processed food
- Avoid consumption of refined sugar.
- Exercise regularly.
- Get 7-8 hours of adequate sleep.
- Stay hydrated
- Avoid alcohol and smoking
- Do pranayama, it relaxes the body and reduces the inflammation
- Follow a healthy lifestyle routine
Early diagnosis and consistent management of PCOS help in controlling the symptoms, improving fertility and preventing the risk of complications. PCOS has now become common, but it is a complex condition which requires proper treatment, diet and lifestyle changes.