Let’s examine these complex diseases in depth. 

Subtypes of Migraine

Without aura: It is a common subtype of migraine, and almost 75 per cent of headaches are of this type. During a headache episode, the person becomes sensitive to light, noise, and other stimuli. 

With aura: The aura is a phase that occurs a few minutes before the headache attack. In this type of migraine headache, the person experiences tingling in the hands and head, as well as blurring of vision, along with restlessness.

Chronic migraines: When migraine episode lasts longer and if a person gets more than 15 episodes of migraine per month, then it is known as chronic migraine. 

Probable migraine: It is a type of migraine headache which matches the characteristics of migraine but does not meet all diagnostic criteria to be diagnosed as a specific type of migraine. 

Causes and Risk Factors of Migraine

• Genetic makeup and family history: A person with a family history of migraine is at a higher risk of developing migraine. But not all people with a family history of migraines will develop migraine. So Relax. 
• Triggers of Migraine include
• Mental stress
• Physical exertion
• Mental diseases like bipolar disorders and anxiety can cause mental health issues. 
• Hormonal imbalance, like serotonin 
• Skipped meals
• Changes in climate 
• Dehydration
• Noise 
• Smell of certain foods or perfumes, et, are the triggers of the Migraine
• Some people have specific foods that act as trigger factors, such as eating curd or lemons. 
• Prolonged untreated nutritional deficiency 
• Sleepdisturbancess
• Underlying medical conditions like epilepsy, sleep disorders, etc

Symptoms of Migraine 

Symptoms of migraines are divided into the phases:

Prodrome:

It is a stage which occurs before the headache attack. This stage usually causes mood swings and food cravings. 

Aura:

Only a few people experience an aura. This is a state that occurs a few minutes before a headache appears. At this stage, a person may feel dizzy and experience changes in their vision, such as blurred vision and tingling sensations in their hands. 

Headache:

Migraine headaches can be present on one side of the head, or sometimes on both sides, or the whole head may be involved. During a headache, a person may sometimes feel nauseous and sensitive to light and sound. There can be an episode of vomiting. The intensity of the headache increases with activity, such as walking etc. It is a throbbing headache that feels very intense. 

Post drome:

Post-drome is characterised by the disappearance of the headache, followed by exhaustion, weakness, dizziness, and mood swings. 

Complications of Migraine include 

Migrainous status: It is a condition that lasts more than 3 days, whereas a typical migraine attack typically lasts between 4 and 72 hours. Due to the prolonged duration of migraine, the person feels drained and weak. The episode is associated with nausea and vomiting.

Migrainous infarction: A stroke may occur due to prolonged and intensive pain of migraine. This is a serious complication of the migraine. 

Migrainous seizure: A seizure occurs due to abnormal brain activity caused by a disruption in the normal functioning of the brain. This condition can arise due to migraines. 

Diagnosis of Migraine 

• The diagnosis of migraine is made based on a detailed medical history and a physical examination. 
• Physical neurological examination is essential for the Diagnosis of migraine. 

Treatment of Migraine 

• Oral medications
• Ointment 
• Diet management 
• Strategic guidelines to reduce attacks like personalised lifestyle improvement.

Diet and Tips for Migraine

• Understand your disease in detail. If you have any questions, ask your doctor. Do not panic or misunderstand the symptoms. Get assured by your doctor’s guidance. 
• Understand the triggers of headache episodes, as they can vary from person to person, and try to avoid them. For example, avoid certain foods and eat at regular times. 
• Engage in mild to moderate physical activities, such as yoga or other gentle activities. 
• Spending time in nature helps to relax the mind. 
• Do journaling. 
• Eat a nutritious diet; nutritional deficiency can trigger or even cause migraine. 
• Stay hydrated. Do not skip the sips. No matter how busy you are at work, do not miss the sips of water. Use an application like a reminder to remind you to take care of yourself. 
• Do a to-do list to reduce the work pressure.
• Get professional health care whenever you feel mentally stuck or something troubles you physically, immediately. 

Migraine can be managed very well with proactive efforts and strategic guidance from a doctor. This condition can be treated effectively, and a person can feel better than before. We need to make wise decisions and put in little effort to seek proper guidance from medical professionals and make some adjustments to avoid triggers that cause illness. And that’s all!