Hypertension is a chronic medical condition characterised by a consistently high pressure of blood against the walls of the arteries. This extra pressure on the arterial wall damages the arteries and organ tissues over time. Increasing the risk of Heart diseases, kidney problems, and stroke, etc
Hypertension is called the silent killer because it usually has no symptoms until a serious complication occurs.
Blood pressure is recorded as two numbers.
Systolic blood pressure ( Top Number)is the Pressure when the heart beats
Diastolic Blood pressure ( Bottom number) is the pressure when the heart rests between beats
- Normal Blood pressure is 120 / 80 mm Hg
- Hypertension stage one! 30-140 / 90
- Hypertension stage Two above 140/ 90-100
- Hypertensive crisis more than 180/ 100-120
Types of Hypertension, Causes, and Risk Factors
Primary Hypertension: In primary hypertension, the cause is not known. This type of hypertension is called primary hypertension.
Secondary Hypertension: Secondary hypertension is caused by
- Kidney diseases
- Thyroid disorders
- Sleep apnea
- Adrenal gland tumours
- Family History and Genetic Predispositions
- Aging
- Obesity and overweight
- Lack of physical activity
- Mental stress
- Smoking and alcohol use
Symptoms of Hypertension
- Headaches
- Chest pain
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Restlessness
Complications of Hypertension
- Heart attack
- Stroke
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Vision loss
- Cognitive decline and dementia
Diagnosis of Hypertension
- Blood pressure monitoring
- Urine and blood tests
- Electrocardiogram
- Echocardiogram
Treatment of Hypertension
- Oral medications
- In severe cases. Intravenous medications and intensive care
Diet and Lifestyle Changes in Treatment
- Reduce salt intake
- Exercise regularly
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Eat a balanced and nutritious Diet
- Avoid alcohol and Smoking
Hypertension is a complex medical condition, and it has life-threatening complications. Early detection of complications and prompt treatment help manage symptoms and prevent further complications.