Rheumatoid arthritis can develop at any stage, but it is most commonly seen in adults. The primary blood test to detect Rheumatoid Arthritis is the RA factor.

Types of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis: This is the most common form of rheumatoid arthritis. In this condition, the RA factor and anti-CCP antibodies are detectable in the blood. 

Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis: In this type of rheumatoid arthritis, the person experiences all the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, but they are not detected in the blood. The RA factor is a blood test. 

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Rheumatoid Arthritis is most common in children around the age of 16. It is also known as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Idiopathic means that the exact cause of the disease is unknown.

Causes and Risk Factors of Rheumatoid Arthritis 

• Family history and genetics increase the risk of RA.
• The risk of RA commonly increases between 30 and 60 years of age 
• Abnormal autoimmune response, where the body’s immune system attacks healthy joints, causes RA
• Smoking increases the risk of RA
• Obesity puts stress and pressure on joints, which may worsen the pain
• Environmental exposure to toxic elements like asbestos and silica can trigger an abnormal immune response
• Chronic infections, such as gum disease, are linked to the development of RA.

Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis 

• Joint pain and stiffness are present, especially in the morning. 
• Warm, swollen and tender joints.
• Weakness and fatigue 
• Fever
• Loss of appetite 
• Firm lumps from under the skin known as Rheumatoid nodules 
• Reduced range of motion, Normal mobility is disrupted due to pain and stiffness. 
• In Rheumatoid Arthritis, symmetrical symptoms appear, which means they affect the body symmetrically, such as both hands, both legs, and both shoulders. 

Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis 

• Done based on detailed physical examination and medical history 
• Blood test: Rheumatoid Factor, Anti-CCP antibodies. Erythrocyte Sedimentation, C-reactive Protein 

• X-rays
• Sonography 
• In severe cases, joint aspiration involves removing fluid and testing it to rule out infection or gout. 

Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis 

• Oral medications
• Intravenous medications
• Physiotherapy 
• Surgical treatment, including joint replacement, is typically reserved for severe cases. 

Diet and Lifestyle for Rheumatoid Arthritis 

• Prefer a diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, including fruits, vegetables, and Omega-3 fatty acids. 
• Avoid junk food or processed food. 
• Maintain a healthy weight. 
• Engage in regular, gentle exercises such as yoga, walking, and swimming. 
• Use assistive devices to protect joints, such as a belt or a walker. 
• Get adequate sleep of 7-8 hours
• Avoid smoking and alcohol
• Do regular follow-ups with the haematologist

If you experience fatigue and joint pain, consult a doctor immediately to determine the underlying condition. Early detection can prevent permanent joint damage and lead to improved long-term outcomes.